Cannabis Terminology Guide: Key Terms You Should Know

As cannabis becomes more mainstream, the terminology associated with it can feel overwhelming for newcomers. Whether you’re exploring cannabis for medical use, recreational enjoyment, or just to be better informed, understanding the language around it is essential. This cannabis terminology guide breaks down the most important terms and concepts to help you navigate the world of cannabis with ease.

1. Cannabinoids

• THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol): The most well-known cannabinoid responsible for the psychoactive effects or “high” associated with cannabis. THC binds to receptors in the brain and affects mood, pain, and appetite.
• CBD (Cannabidiol): A non-psychoactive cannabinoid that has gained popularity for its potential therapeutic effects, such as relieving anxiety, inflammation, and chronic pain. CBD does not cause a high like THC.
• CBG (Cannabigerol): A minor cannabinoid often referred to as the “mother of cannabinoids” because other cannabinoids are derived from its acidic form (CBGA). It’s believed to have potential health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.
• CBN (Cannabinol): Another minor cannabinoid, CBN is known for its potential sedative properties and is often associated with promoting sleep.

2. Types of Cannabis Strains

• Sativa: Cannabis sativa strains are often associated with an energizing, uplifting effect. These strains are typically recommended for daytime use, as they may increase focus, creativity, and social engagement.
• Indica: Cannabis indica strains are known for their relaxing and calming effects. Indicas are often used at night to promote relaxation, ease pain, and aid sleep.
• Hybrid: A combination of both sativa and indica strains. Hybrids are bred to offer a balance of effects, depending on the dominant strain type (sativa-dominant, indica-dominant, or balanced hybrid).

3. Methods of Consumption

• Smoking: The most traditional form of cannabis consumption. Flower (the dried cannabis buds) is ground and rolled into joints, smoked in pipes, or used in bongs.
• Vaping: Involves heating cannabis oil or flower to a temperature that turns the active compounds into vapor without combustion. This method is considered healthier than smoking because it produces fewer toxins.
• Edibles: Cannabis-infused foods and drinks, such as gummies, chocolates, or beverages. Edibles take longer to take effect (usually 30 minutes to 2 hours) but tend to last longer than inhalation methods.
• Tinctures: Liquid cannabis extracts that are taken sublingually (under the tongue). Tinctures provide fast absorption and precise dosing.
• Topicals: Cannabis-infused creams, balms, or lotions that are applied to the skin for localized relief of pain, inflammation, or skin conditions. They do not cause psychoactive effects.
• Concentrates: Highly potent forms of cannabis that contain concentrated levels of cannabinoids like THC or CBD. These include products like wax, shatter, and oils, typically consumed through vaping or dabbing.

4. The Endocannabinoid System (ECS)

• Endocannabinoid System (ECS): A biological system in the body responsible for maintaining balance (homeostasis). It consists of receptors (CB1 and CB2) that interact with cannabinoids, affecting processes like mood, appetite, pain, and immune function.
• CB1 Receptors: Found primarily in the brain and central nervous system. These receptors interact mainly with THC to produce psychoactive effects.
• CB2 Receptors: Primarily located in the immune system and peripheral tissues, CB2 receptors play a role in reducing inflammation and pain. They interact more with CBD than THC.

5. Terpenes

• Terpenes: Aromatic compounds found in cannabis and other plants. Terpenes are responsible for the scent and flavor of cannabis strains and may also contribute to their effects. Some common terpenes include:
  • Myrcene: Known for its sedative effects, myrcene is often found in indica strains and has an earthy, musky aroma.
  • Limonene: A citrus-scented terpene known for its uplifting and mood-enhancing properties.
  • Linalool: This lavender-scented terpene is known for its calming, anti-anxiety effects.
  • Pinene: As the name suggests, pinene has a pine-like aroma and is associated with increased alertness and memory retention.
  • Caryophyllene: A spicy, peppery terpene with potential anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties.

6. Forms of Cannabis Products

• Flower (Bud): The dried and cured flowers of the female cannabis plant, commonly smoked or vaporized.
• Concentrates: Cannabis products that have been processed to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from the plant, resulting in a highly potent substance. These can include:
  • Shatter: A glass-like concentrate with high THC levels.
  • Wax: A sticky, waxy concentrate.
  • Oil: Liquid cannabis extracts often used in vape pens or tinctures.
• Isolate: Pure CBD or THC that has been isolated from other cannabinoids, resulting in a product that contains only the targeted cannabinoid.
• Full-Spectrum: Cannabis products that contain the full range of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds found in the plant. Full-spectrum products are believed to provide enhanced effects due to the “entourage effect.”
• Broad-Spectrum: Similar to full-spectrum, but with the THC removed. Broad-spectrum products offer many of the same benefits as full-spectrum without the psychoactive effects of THC.

7. Growing and Cultivation Terms

• Hemp: A variety of the cannabis plant with less than 0.3% THC. Hemp is used for industrial purposes such as fiber production and also for extracting CBD.
• Hydroponics: A method of growing cannabis plants without soil, using a nutrient-rich water solution. This technique allows for faster growth and higher yields.
• Trichomes: Small, resinous glands on the cannabis plant where cannabinoids like THC and CBD are produced. Trichomes are a key factor in the potency of cannabis.
• Kief: A collection of trichome crystals that have fallen off the cannabis flower. Kief can be used to make hash or added to other cannabis products for extra potency.

8. Legal and Industry Terms

• Medical Cannabis: Cannabis used for therapeutic purposes to treat conditions such as chronic pain, anxiety, epilepsy, and more. Access to medical cannabis usually requires a prescription or medical card.
• Recreational Cannabis: Cannabis used for non-medical purposes. In states or countries where recreational cannabis is legal, adults can purchase and use cannabis without a medical prescription.
• Dispensary: A store or facility where cannabis products are legally sold. There are both medical and recreational dispensaries, depending on local laws.
• Entourage Effect: A theory suggesting that cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds in cannabis work together synergistically to enhance the overall therapeutic effects.

Conclusion

Understanding cannabis terminology is essential for navigating the expanding cannabis industry, whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned user. This guide covers some of the most important terms, from cannabinoids and consumption methods to terpenes and growing techniques. As you explore the world of cannabis, this knowledge will help you make informed choices and better appreciate the diverse products and benefits available.